What "online synthesizer" actually means
There are two very different things sold under this name. The first is a keyboard that triggers recorded samples: press a key, hear a file. It is useful for a demo and useless for sound design, because there is nothing to shape. The second is a real synthesis engine - oscillators generating waveforms in real time, a filter you can sweep, envelopes and modulation you can point at anything. Only the second one is a synthesizer in the sense a producer means it, and only the second one is what runs on this page.
Why the browser can do this now
The Web Audio API is a node graph executed in the browser's native audio thread: oscillators, biquad filters, waveshapers, convolution reverb, dynamics, all scheduled against a clock accurate to the sample. Custom DSP runs in an AudioWorklet on that same thread rather than competing with the page. The consequence is blunt - the parts of a synthesizer that have to be fast are not written in JavaScript, and have not been for years. The browser-based DAW page goes through the engineering objections one by one.
Where it stops
A browser cannot host VST or AU binaries, so an online synthesizer is the engine it ships with and nothing else. If your sound depends on one specific plugin, no browser synth replaces it - that case is worked through honestly on the VST alternatives page. You also cannot dial a 64-sample buffer the way an ASIO driver can, which matters if you are tracking a live performer and matters very little if you are writing.
Free, and what that word is hiding
Plenty of online synths are free because they are one oscillator and a demo. GOONS is not free: the whole studio - every synth, the drum machines, the samplers, the effects, the sample library and cloud projects - is €9.90 a month, with seven days of full access first and no card to start. That trade-off is argued in full on the free music software page, including the parts of it that favour the free tools.